Himeji Castle: All You Need To Know Before Visiting

For many, Himeji Castle is synonymous with timeless elegance and architectural perfection, earning its place as Japan’s most iconic and best-preserved feudal castle. Known as the “White Heron Castle” for its striking white exterior and graceful design, Himeji Castle stands as a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of Japan’s past. Himeji’s blend of historical grandeur, cultural richness, and natural beauty makes it a destination that captures the imagination. Here’s our guide to exploring the magnificent Himeji Castle, which includes the history of the castle, the best things to see, and tips.

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History of Himeji Castle

Himeji Castle is located in the city of Himeji in Hyogo Prefecture and perched atop Himeyama Hill. It has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a National Treasure of Japan, celebrated for its pristine preservation and exquisite design.

The castle’s origins date back to 1333, when Akamatsu Norimura, a samurai lord, first constructed a fort on the site. Over the centuries, it evolved into a full-fledged castle. In 1581, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of Japan’s great unifiers, expanded the fortifications by adding a three-story keep. 

However, it was Ikeda Terumasa, a daimyo under the Tokugawa Shogunate, who transformed Himeji Castle into the magnificent structure we see today. Between 1601 and 1609, Ikeda oversaw extensive renovations, creating the main keep and surrounding defensive structures.

Himeji Castle is covered with white plaster (made by mixing glue with slaked lime). In addition to creating a magnificent appearance, the plaster also helps to prevent the spread of fire.

Equipped with extensive gates, three moats, turrets, and a concealed entrance, the castle boasted one of Japan’s most advanced defense systems. Its intricate maze of passageways leading to the central donjon (keep) was designed to confuse and trap intruders in dead ends. 

The walls featured square and circular openings for firearms and rectangular slits for archers. Additionally, drop chutes were strategically placed to hurl stones or pour boiling oil and water on attackers attempting to climb the walls.

Himeji Castle remained a formidable stronghold throughout the Edo period, showcasing advanced defensive features like interconnected gates, mazelike paths, and stone walls designed to thwart invaders. Despite its military purpose, the castle was never attacked, leaving its original structures intact.

Remarkably, Himeji Castle has survived wars, natural disasters, and modernization, maintaining its historical integrity. Today, it stands as a symbol of Japan’s feudal era, blending beauty and resilience, and continues to captivate visitors from around the world.

Best things to see in Himeji Castle: Top Highlights

Now that we’ve got the history of the Himeji Castle out of the way, you’re probably wondering what to see in the Himeji Castle. 

So, without any further ado, here are the must-see Himeji Castle attractions (in no particular order):

1. Hishi-no-Mon Gate

As the largest gate in the castle, the Hishi-no-Mon Gate is the first major structure visitors encounter, providing a striking introduction to the architectural beauty and historical significance of Himeji Castle. Historically, this gatehouse was used by the castle’s lords, high-ranking retainers, and distinguished guests. 

One side of the gate rests atop a stone wall, showcasing its fortification, while the other follows a more traditional design and includes a guardhouse for security.

The gate takes its name from the image of a water chestnut above the entrance, a distinctive symbol of its design. It is also adorned with kato-mado (fire-shaped windows), adding an elegant ambiance to its robust structure. 

2. Sangoku Moat

This large, square pond served dual purposes as a defensive feature and a water reservoir for the castle. Rainwater, collected through drainage ditches from around the castle grounds, keeps the pond filled. 

Initially, the pond was part of a larger trench separating the West Bailey from the inner castle. However, much of the trench was filled in during the reconstruction of Himeji Castle by Ikeda Terumasa between 1601 and 1613.

3. Main Keep

Himeji Castle’s main keep is a masterpiece of traditional Japanese wooden architecture, renowned for its intricate design and functionality. Standing over 45 meters (147 ft) tall, it is one of the tallest wooden keeps ever constructed in Japan. 

While it appears to have only five stories from the outside, the interior comprises seven floors, including a basement within the stone foundation.

Inside, the keep’s floors are constructed with polished wooden planks and minimal decoration, reflecting the castle’s military focus. The floors are connected by steep, narrow wooden staircases designed to hinder invaders, and the polished wooden planks and sturdy beams showcase exceptional craftsmanship. 

Defensive elements such as ishiotoshi (stone-dropping chutes) and sama (loopholes for archers and gunmen) are visible throughout the structure, highlighting its strategic design.

Originally used as an armaments store, the interior is simple and houses displays showcasing aspects of castle life. The Museum of Weaponry features samurai arms and armor, along with guns and gunpowder pouches, which were introduced to Japan by the Portuguese in the 16th century.

However, the main keep’s exterior is far more awe-inspiring than its stark interior

The top floor, designated as the place where the lord and his family would have performed ritual suicide if the castle had fallen (which it never did), offers stunning panoramic views of Himeji and, on clear days, extends as far as the Inland Sea.

It also houses a small shrine dedicated to guardian deities, symbolizing spiritual protection.

4. Abura Wall

This is the earthen core of a wall that was originally coated with white plaster. Constructed from a blend of sand, clay, and small stones, this wall is nearly as durable as concrete.

5. Taiko Tower

This sturdy fortified tower, completed around 1599, serves as a defense on the eastern side of the castle and is one of its oldest surviving structures. Though referred to as the “Drum Tower” during the Edo period (1603–1867), it originally functioned as a guardhouse. 

The name “Drum Tower” became associated with the structure in the late 1800s, when it was repurposed to store taiko drums.

6. Okiku’s Well 

The tragic love story of “Banshu Sarayashiki” became a popular Joruri narrative and was later adapted into Kabuki and Rakugo performances during the Edo period. The tale is linked to Okiku’s Well at Himeji Castle, said to be the setting of this haunting legend.

According to the story, Okiku was a maid sent to spy on Aoyama Tessan, a vassal plotting to overthrow Lord Kodera Norimoto. Okiku uncovered the conspiracy and thwarted the assassination plan.

However, another vassal, Chonotsubo Danjiro, discovered her espionage. Infatuated with Okiku, Danjiro proposed marriage, threatening to expose her if she refused. When Okiku rejected him, he hid one of the ten treasured plates of the Aoyama family, falsely accusing her of its loss. 

Legend says Danjiro ultimately killed Okiku and threw her body into the well. It is said her spirit haunted the well, counting the plates every night.

7. Folding Fan Wall 

The wall’s elegantly steepening curve resembles the shape of a folding fan, giving it the Japanese name ōgi no kōbai, or “folding fan slope.” This design not only enhances its resistance to earthquakes but also makes it exceptionally challenging to climb.

8. Tile Marked with a Cross 

The roof tiles of Japanese buildings often feature protective symbols, believed to guard against natural disasters such as lightning, typhoons, and heavy rain. At one of the gates of Himeji Castle, a cross-shaped symbol is discreetly hidden among the regular roof tiles. 

Thought to have been added in the late 16th century, it likely served as a protective emblem and may have been placed by Christian samurai living in the area. Some believe it has a connection to Kuroda Kanbei (1546–1604), a Christian warlord who once had a fortress at Himeji before the current castle was constructed. 

Despite these theories, the provenance of the cross tile remains a mystery, adding an intriguing layer of history to the castle.

Bonus: Kokoen Garden

While the list of must-see attractions in Himeji besides Himeji Castle is scant, Kokoen Garden, located just west of the castle, is a must-visit. The garden’s harmonious blend of history, design, and natural beauty makes it a peaceful counterpart to the grandeur of Himeji Castle.

Opened in 1992 to celebrate Himeji City’s centennial, the garden reflects the aesthetics of the Edo period (1603–1867) and honors the historical significance of the site, which once housed the samurai quarters of Himeji Castle.

The garden spans approximately 3.5 hectares and is divided into nine distinct sections, each with a unique theme. Highlights include the Oike-niwa, a large pond garden featuring koi fish, stone bridges, and cascading waterfalls. 

The Chisen-kaiyu Garden is a traditional strolling garden designed for viewing from various angles, while the Tea Ceremony Garden features a picturesque tea house where visitors can participate in authentic tea ceremonies.

Other sections showcase bamboo groves, flower gardens, and tranquil rock formations, offering diverse landscapes to explore. The thoughtful layout incorporates traditional elements such as carefully arranged stones, flowing water features, and seasonal plantings that ensure beauty year-round.

You can stroll through all the gardens in about 45-60 minutes.

Opening hours and entrance fees of Himeji Castle

Himeji Castle operates daily from 09:00–17:00, with the last admission at 16:00. During the summer months, from late April to late August, operating hours extend until 18:00, with the last admission at 17:00. The castle is closed annually on December 29th and 30th.

The entrance to Himeji Castle costs 1000 JPY. For visitors interested in exploring both Himeji Castle and the Kokoen Garden, a combination ticket is available, which costs 1050 JPY. It is not possible to purchase tickets in advance.

A guided tour of Himeji Castle is highly useful and worth it, as the castle’s interior is relatively bare, with minimal displays. Guides provide fascinating historical context, architectural insights, and stories about the castle’s construction and defense features.

• Click here to book a Himeji Castle guided tour!

What is the best time to visit Himeji Castle

Himeji Castle is a year-round destination, offering unique beauty in every season. However, the best times to visit are during spring and autumn. 

In spring, the castle grounds are adorned with cherry blossoms, creating a breathtaking contrast against the castle’s white facade, especially during late March to early April. Autumn, from late October to early November, brings vibrant hues of red and gold to the surrounding trees, adding a picturesque charm.

That said, each season has its appeal. Summer highlights the lush greenery of the castle grounds, while winter offers a serene atmosphere with fewer crowds and the chance to see the castle dusted with snow.

Regardless of when you visit, Himeji Castle’s timeless beauty and historical significance make it a must-see destination throughout the year.

How much time do I need at Himeji Castle?

You’ll need around 2 to 3 hours to explore Himeji Castle fully. This allows time to tour the main keep, enjoy the panoramic views from the top, and explore the castle grounds, including the defensive features and historical exhibits. If you’re planning to visit nearby attractions like Kokoen Garden, consider allocating an additional hour.

Tips for visiting Himeji Castle

Here are some important tips for visiting Himeji Castle to make the most of your experience:

1. Arrive Early

Himeji Castle is Japan’s most visited castle attraction, so arriving early helps you avoid large crowds, especially during peak seasons like cherry blossom or autumn foliage.

2. Wear Comfortable Shoes

Exploring the castle involves steep wooden staircases, narrow pathways, and walking around the expansive grounds, so comfortable footwear is essential.

3. Check the Weather

Try to visit on a clear day to enjoy panoramic views from the top of the main keep, including a glimpse of the Inland Sea.

4. Bring Water and Snacks

While there are shops nearby, having water and light snacks is helpful, particularly in summer.

5. Respect the Rules

Follow signage and avoid touching artifacts or walking off designated paths to help preserve this historic site.

How to visit Himeji Castle on a day trip from Kyoto or Osaka

Visiting Himeji Castle on a day trip from Kyoto or Osaka is easy and convenient.

From Kyoto:

Take the Shinkansen (bullet train) from Kyoto Station to Himeji Station. The journey on Hikari or Sakura trains takes about 55 minutes and is covered by the JR Pass. 

The JR Pass is a no-brainer for travelers planning to explore multiple regions in Japan because it offers unmatched convenience, flexibility, and value. The pass provides unlimited travel on most Japan Rail (JR) trains, including the Shinkansen (except Nozomi and Mizuho trains), local JR trains, and even some buses and ferries. 

With the JR Pass, there’s no need to purchase individual tickets for each journey, saving time and hassle. Buy your JR Pass now through Klook or GetYourGuide!

Alternatively, you can also take the JR Special Rapid Service on the Tokaido-Sanyo Line, which takes approximately 90 minutes from Kyoto Station to Himeji Station. No seat reservations are available, but trains are frequent and comfortable.

From Osaka:

Take the Shinkansen from Shin-Osaka Station to Himeji Station, a quick 30-minute ride. Alternatively, the JR Special Rapid Service on the Tokaido-Sanyo Line takes about an hour.

From Himeji Station, it’s a 15–20 minute walk to Himeji Castle. Simply exit the station and head north along Otemae-dori, a wide, pedestrian-friendly street that leads directly to the castle.

Where to stay when visiting Himeji Castle

Kyoto: Hotel Keihan Kyoto Ekiminami, a modern and conveniently located hotel offering comfortable accommodations just a short walk from Kyoto Station, ideal for travelers exploring the city and beyond

Osaka: remm Shin-Osaka, a sleek and modern budget-friendly hotel conveniently located within Shin-Osaka Station (all Shinkansen bullet trains arrive/depart here), offering comfortable rooms and excellent amenities for travelers exploring Osaka and beyond

Himeji: Hotel Monterey Himeji, an elegant hotel blending European-style decor with modern amenities, conveniently located next to Himeji Station and within walking distance of Himeji Castle

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Do you agree with our list? Is visiting Himeji Castle on your bucket list? Or is there anything else that shouldn’t be missed at Himeji Castle? Share your thoughts with us in the comments below!